Oil-in-water emulsions are present in a wide set of applications, ranging from pharmaceuticals to beverages, to paints and speciality chemicals, and beyond.
In its simplest form, an emulsion is a binary system of immiscible liquids forming droplets. One of the main parameter to be monitored is its stability, which can be affected by external factors such as storage methods, time, temperature, osmolarity, pH, surfactant, shear stress. An unstable emulsion typically leads to droplet growth, for example due to coalescence, and it can have important consequences on e.g. the organoleptic properties of a soft drink or the efficacy and safety of a pharmaceutical product.

Particle analysis is therefore fundamental to the design, formulation and quality control of oil-in-water emulsions, enabling the observation of the growth process and the long-term stability of the particles. Classizer™ ONE is ideally suited for high-value applications in emulsion characterization, as the SPES / SPES² data provide physical and statistical information, as PSD, oversize, effective refractive index and an estimate of the behaviour and stability. Each of these parameters can be crucial to gain a better understanding and improve the quality of oil-in-water formulations.

  • Characterize the particle size, payload, stability, and concentration of emulsions, capsules and liposomes
  • Measure size, concentration, and behaviour of particles in real heterogeneous fluids
  • Estimate the shell thickness and payload content of capsules
  • Reduce formulation time and costs required to bring new products to market
  • Optimize efficacy and enhance formulation stability

AppCases_Emulsions_Silicon OilEOS CLOUDS of a silicone oil-in-water emulsion. EOS software automatically estimates a refractive index (RI) of 1.40 in agreement with the expected value.

AppCases_Emulsions_Silicon Oil_oversizeOversize study of the oil-in-water emulsion.

AppCases_Emulsions_Mineral OilEOS CLOUDS of a mineral oil-in-water emulsion. EOS software automatically estimates a RI of 1.47, in agreement with the expected value. 

AppCases_Emulsions_Mineral Oil_oversizeOversize study of the oil-in-water emulsion.

Example of application: mixture of two pre-emulsified oils
A more complex case is the presence of multiple oils with different refractive indexes in the same liquid. The case considered here is the mixture of two pre-emulsified oils.

(in figure) EOS CLOUDS of a mixture of two oil emulsions with different refractive indexes (1.40, 1.47). Two narrow data clouds are observed and are related to the two separated population of oil emulsions dispersed in the water.

Example of application: emulsions of a blend of oils

An even more complex case arises when two oils are mixed before emulsifying them.
In this case both oils will be present within each droplet resulting in a refractive index (RI) that will be a weighted average of the RIs of the two oils.
By varying the volume ratio of the two oils in the blend, the emulsion will have an intermediate RI.
Classizer™ ONE measures a single population with a measured RI corresponding to this average value, which can be used to estimate accurately the relative weight of one oil to the other.

(Upper figure) EOS CLOUDS of a blend of two oils with different refractive indexes (1.40, 1.47), first mixed and then emulsified in water.
A single data cloud is observed, whose effective refractive index is measured to be 1.44.
AppCases_Emulsions_Mix3

(Bottom figure) Measured refractive index of the emulsions based on the percentage of mix between the two individual oils (RI of 1.40 and 1.47, respectively).